| 1975 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠠ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ 1754 ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 40 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ | ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 2008 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ 35% ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡ 25% ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ | ᠴᠦ ︽ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ / ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ / ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | / ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠭᠢᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ / ᠵᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ / ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | / ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ︾ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ | ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠫᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠮᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠲᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ | ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠢ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠺᠤᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠤ | ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | | | | | |