| | ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︿ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ﹀ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠂ ᠭᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠰᠤᠯᠪᠢᠴᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1952 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠿᠧᠾᠧ ᠮᠣᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1958 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ | ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤᠾᠧ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ 1000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 2012 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠦ᠋ ᠫᠦ᠋ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠣᠣᠶᠠᠩ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠦᠢ ᠡᠾᠧ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ | ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠡᠪᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ 6000-3500 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠄ ① | ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ 6000-5500 ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ② ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠭᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠯᠤᠬᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ③ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 300 | ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ④ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 4000-3500 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠽᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 4000-3500 ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠸᠧᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠦ᠋ ᠫᠦ᠋ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ 6000 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ 350 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ |